1. 原形质：麦氏于其所著<<基督教与实证主义>>(Christianity and Positivitism)一书中,曾有一段话说:(三) 原形质(Protoplasm)只能从有生命的物质产生. 麦氏又在其所著<<神治论>>(Method of Divine Government)一书中,斥责某些哲学家之愚妄,

2. protoplasm的翻译

2. 原生质,细胞质：Density 密度,密集 | Protoplasm 原生质,细胞质 | Weightless 没重量的,失重的

3. 原生质,原浆;细胞质：protons 质子 | protoplasm 原生质,原浆;细胞质 | pterosaur 翼龙

1. These selected and superior strains of living protoplasm should be jealously and intelligently guarded when once they make their appearance.
    这些挑选出来的和更高活性生命原生质链条一旦它们出现时候将被留心和聪明的被保护着。

2. By using antimonate potassium cytochemistry method, we found that antimonate calcium precipitates existed only in the cell wall rather than the protoplasm and showed a tip to base gradient in the cell wall of hyphal tips, i.
    焦锑酸钾电镜细胞化学定位揭示焦锑酸钙沉淀颗粒仅存在菌丝细胞壁中，呈顶端到基部的极性分布。

3. The substance could produce cavity in the cell wall which lead to the flow-out of the protoplasm and the fragmentation of the mycelium. Mycelium-growth method was used to qualitify the inhibitive substance.56Primary study showed that 80% saturation of the NH^SQj precipitate the most of the inhibitive substance. It was primarily identified as polypeptide.
    河北农业大学硕十学广沦文用菌丝生长法对无菌发酵液有效制物质的性质进行初步研究结果表明，饱扣度为80％的硫酸铰能沉淀下大部分的抑菌活性，因此这种抑菌物质很可能为多肽类的物质。

4. Many tracheids lack protoplasm at maturity and have lignified secondary cell walls.
    许多管胞的原生质体会在成熟时消失，同时细胞壁进行木质化的次生加厚。

5. Later on, the opened sieve plate was formed because of callose autolyzing after the protoplasm disappeared completely. Ultimately, the physiological function of SE was lost.
    在筛管原生质完全降解消失后，筛板处的胼胝质自溶，最后形成具开放筛孔的筛板，至此筛管完全失去功能。

6. danci.911cha.com

6. Nonliving material in the protoplasm of a cell, such as pigment granules or nutritive substances.
    后生质一个细胞细胞质内的无生命物质，如色素颗粒或营养物质

7. Two whiplike threads of protoplasm reduced to a microscopic scale.
    原生质的两条的鞭形螺纹；减小到小的比例。

8. A small mass of protoplasm or cells from which a new organism or one of its parts may develop.
    微生物，细菌微小的活的物质或细胞，能发育成新的有机体或部分有机体

9. Biology A small mass of protoplasm or cells from which a new organism or one of its parts may develop.
    微生物，细菌：微小的活的物质或细胞，能发育成新的有机体或部分有机体

10. L. chinense phloem periphery have one circle meristem-like tissue regularly arranged which are composed of 3-4 layers with having big nuclei and thick protoplasm, their tangential wall is 4 times length of radial wall. The author thinks this may be supernumerary cambium of hetero vascular bundle.
    韧皮部外周有一圈排列规则的拟分生组织细胞，其切向壁的长度是径向壁的4倍，核大、原生质浓厚，有3-4层，这可能是异形维管束的额外形成层。

11. The next best way to quantify the amount of protoplasm in each trophic level is to weigh it.
      确定每一个营养阶层原生质总量的第二个好办法是称重。

12. He called the agent a Contagium vivum fluidum, a living germ that soluble, He postulated that the agent must incorporated into the living protoplasm of the cell in order to reproduce, and that its reproduction must be brought about with the reproduce.
      他把病原体称为传染性病毒液体，一种可溶性活菌。他推断病原体必须依赖细胞的原生质成分以便其繁殖，并且它的再生必须是由繁殖来完成的。

13. protoplasm的解释

13. What the primary effects of hormones closely related to physiological changes of membrane. The ABA increased permeability of cell membrane, and the ZT had less effect on it. The both hormones affects on leakage of the ion inside cell identified with that of their affects on permeability of protoplasm membrane. The ABA inhabited activity of Ca(superscript +2)-ATPase and Mg(superscript +2)-ATPase in chloroplast membrane, the ZT promoted it.
      激素的原初作用一般与细胞膜的生理变化密切相关，ABA使细胞膜的透性增加，ZT对细胞膜的影响较小；二者对于膜的离子外渗的影响同透性一样；对于叶绿体膜上的Ca(上标+2)-ATPase、Mg(上标+2)-ATPase，ABA抑制其活性，ZT则促进其活性的增加。

14. In the first part, the mixture of full yeast cells 54.S. cerevisiae DC5 (a, leu2-3, 1eu2-112, his-39, canl-11 or their protoplasm and plasmid (YRP12-54) were treated in low electromagnetic pulse field provided by Broad Band Transverse Electromagnetic Cell.
      第一部分研究了弱电磁脉冲下质粒对酵母完整细胞及其原生质体的转化，以超宽频带横电磁波传输室提供弱电磁脉冲场，酵母为54.S.cerevisiae DC5(a，leu2-3，leu2-112，his-39，can1-11)，质粒为YRP12-54。

15. A submicroscopic structural unit of protoplasm, composed of a cluster of molecules.
      分子组缨细胞质内一个亚微观结构单位，由一团分子组成

16. The mature stage started when the vacuole membrane was ruptured. Whereafter, the protoplasm of SE autolyzed selectively, and the mature SE had being formed.
      成熟期是筛管原生质组分发生选择性自溶，形成成熟筛管的阶段，以液胞膜的裂解作为分化开始的标志。

17. They are usually associated with specialized parenchyma cells called COMPANION CELLS, whose protoplasts are connected with the protoplasm of the sieve tube by plasmodesmata.
      筛管常与特殊薄壁细胞相联系，这种细胞被称为伴胞，其原生质和筛管内的原生质有丰富的胞间连丝相通。

18. protoplasm的意思

18. The fatty acid saturation degree of the protoplasm membrane lipids of the shoots and the roots was dropped in the lower concentration of salt solution (0.9%), and raised in the high concentration of salt solution (1.8%) except for 5-day treatment in shoots.
      低浓度盐溶液（0.9%）中，叶片和根系细胞膜脂脂肪酸饱和度降低；高浓度盐溶液（1.8%）中脂肪酸饱和度除叶片在第5天时低于对照以外均有所提高。

19. danci.911cha.com

19. Changes of protoplasm membrane lipids of two wheat varieties (ShangQiuJianMai and JiYuan 728) cultured in the nutrient solutions were studied in the phytotron.
      本文选用了两个小麦品种（商丘碱麦、济源728）在人工气候室液体培养条件下，对盐渍胁迫下幼苗叶和根的细胞膜脂组分的变化进行了研究。

20. After the amoeboid tapetum disintigration, it's protoplasm round the pollens to provide nutrition for them.
      分泌型绒毡层的内质网较变形绒毡层的发达，并不断向花粉粒分泌脂肪滴和小泡，变形绒毡层解体后原生质围绕于花粉的周围，供其发育之需。

1. the substance of a living cell (including cytoplasm and nucleus)

    Synonym: living substance