干细胞；

1. stem cell

1. 骨髓干细胞：从骨髓干细胞(stem cell)分化而来的淋巴细胞一部分进入胸腺,在胸腺作用下分化并释放出来,称为胸腺依赖细胞或T细胞,后者在抗原激发下可转化为致敏淋巴细胞,与抗原再接触后可以释放一系列淋巴因子发挥免疫功能,这种免疫称细胞免疫;

2. 杆细胞：而杆细胞 (Stem Cell) 又是克隆的最佳材料. 杆细胞是一直保持在胚胎状态下的细胞,也就是没有分裂的细胞. 杆细胞的生命力很强,具有最强的分化和分裂能力. 所以这是克隆的最佳材料.

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3. 干细胞,骨髓干细胞,成血细胞：stem 晶体管管座,杆 | stem cell 干细胞,骨髓干细胞,成血细胞 | stem valve 杆阀(截止阀)

1. stem cell

1. The traits of dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of the explants form H. sampsonii show that the calli the stem and leaf usually form buds at its parietal cells. In the presence of auxin, the parenchyma of the leaf gap at the node is initiated firstly, then, develops blastemata that form buds in a cluster on the node without callus. These show that the various parts ofthe herb differ greatly in cell initiation and organ differentiation.
    研究元宝草外植体的脱分化和再分化的特点结果表明，茎段和叶片启动形成愈伤组织，其不定芽通常发生在愈伤组织的周边区，茎节叶腋的叶隙薄壁组织在激素的诱导下启动、分裂，不形成愈伤组织而直接器官分化成芽原基，并在节结处产生一圈成簇的不定芽，表明元宝草不同部位的细胞启动及器官分化调控存在差异。

2. Objective: To explore the effect of ABO mismatch on clinical characteristics in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
    目的：分析ABO血型不合对异基因造血干细胞移植的影响。

3. Neuroectoderm; neural crest; neural plate; neural tube; neuraxis; neuroblasts; neural stem cells; neuroprogenitor cells; stem cells; differentiation; ontogeny; morphogenesis; histogenesis; organogenesis; synaptogenesis; gangliogenesis; embryogenesis; axonogenesis; retinogenesis; gliogenesis; glial progenitor cells; oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; retinal progenitor cells; nerve growth factor; neurotrophic factors; trophic factors; growth factors; neural tube defects; anencephaly; spina bifida; neuroblastoma cells; cell migration; neurogenesis; development; developmental stages
    神经外胚层；神经脊；神经板；神经管；轴索；成神经细胞；神经干细胞；neuroprogenitor细胞；干细胞；分化；个体发生；形态发生；组织发生；器官发生；突触发生；神经节发生；胚胎发生；轴突发生；视网膜发生；神经胶质发生；神经胶质祖细胞；少突神经胶质细胞祖细胞；视网膜祖细胞；神经生长因子；神经营养因子；营养因子；生长因素；神经管缺陷；无脑；脊柱裂；成神经细胞瘤细胞；细胞迁移；神经发生；发展；发育阶段

4. Neuroectoderm; neural crest; neural plate; floor plate; neural tube; neuraxis; neuroblasts; neural stem cells; neuroprogenitor cells; stem cells; differentiation; ontogeny; morphogenesis; histogenesis; organogenesis; synaptogenesis; gangliogenesis; embryogenesis; axonogenesis; retinogenesis; gliogenesis; glial progenitor cells; oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; retinal progenitor cells; nerve growth factor; neurotrophic factors; trophic factors; growth factors; neural tube defects; anencephaly; spina bifida; cell migration; neurogenesis; development; developmental stages
    神经外胚层；神经脊；神经板；底板；神经管；轴索；成神经细胞；神经干细胞；神经母细胞；干细胞；分化；个体发生；形态发生；组织发生；器官发生；突触发生；神经节发生；胚胎发生；轴突发生；视网膜发生；神经胶质发生；神经胶质祖细胞；少突神经胶质细胞祖细胞；视网膜祖细胞；神经生长因子；神经营养因子；营养因子；生长因素；神经管缺陷；无脑；脊柱裂；细胞迁移；神经发生；发展；发育阶段

5. stem cell什么意思

5. Neuroectoderm; neural crest; floor plate; neural tube; neuraxis; neuroblasts; neural stem cells; neuroprogenitor cells; stem cells; differentiation; ontogeny; morphogenesis; histogenesis; organogenesis; synaptogenesis; gangliogenesis; embryogenesis; axonogenesis; retinogenesis; gliogenesis; glial progenitor cells; oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; retinal progenitor cells; nerve growth factor; neurotrophic factors; trophic factors; growth factors; neural tube defects; anencephaly; spina bifida; neuroblastoma cells; cell migration; neurogenesis; development; developmental stages
    神经外胚层；神经脊；底板；神经管；轴索；成神经细胞；神经干细胞；神经母细胞；干细胞；分化；个体发生；形态发生；组织发生；器官发生；突触发生；神经节发生；胚胎发生；轴突发生；视网膜发生；神经胶质发生；神经胶质祖细胞；少突神经胶质细胞祖细胞；视网膜祖细胞；神经生长因子；神经营养因子；营养因子；生长因素；神经管缺陷；无脑；脊柱裂；成神经细胞瘤细胞；细胞迁移；神经发生；发展；发育阶段

6. Neuroectoderm; neural crest; neural plate; floor plate; neuraxis; neuroblasts; neural stem cells; neuroprogenitor cells; stem cells; differentiation; ontogeny; morphogenesis; histogenesis; organogenesis; synaptogenesis; gangliogenesis; embryogenesis; axonogenesis; retinogenesis; gliogenesis; glial progenitor cells; oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; retinal progenitor cells; nerve growth factor; neurotrophic factors; trophic factors; growth factors; neuroblastoma cells; cell migration; neurogenesis; development; developmental stages
    神经外胚层神经脊；神经板；底板；轴索；成神经细胞；神经干细胞；神经母细胞；干细胞；分化；个体发生；形态发生；组织发生；器官发生；突触发生；神经节发生；胚胎发生；轴突发生；视网膜发生；神经胶质发生；神经胶质祖细胞；少突神经胶质细胞祖细胞；视网膜祖细胞；神经生长因子；神经营养因子；营养因子；生长因素；成神经细胞瘤细胞；细胞迁移神经发生；发展；发育阶段

7. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease is one of the common and serious complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
    肝静脉阻塞病是造血干细胞移植预处理毒性所导致的最严重的并发症之一。

8. Only allochmmosome allotopia is not explainable to the gene expression of stem cells. The proof of stem cells'self-renewal evidences that if not the consequence of cell expression, allochromosome change the histone.
    如果仅仅是异染色质的错位，则不是干细胞基因表达的结果，在干细胞自我更新中充分证明，异染色质的改变导致了组蛋白的改变。

9. Please refer to the next section, Non-myeloablative stem cell transplantation, for a brief explanation of GVHD.
    关于GVHD的简介，请参看下一章节的非清髓性干细胞移植。

10. The transfers of MDR1 genes into hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells are expected to confer drug-resistance to the bone marrow of patients so as to protect them from myelotoxicity which is the main adverse effect of high-dose chemotherapy.
    但是，如果将MDR1基因转入造血干细胞(hematopoietic stem cell，HSC)，使之获得耐药表型，就可以在化疗过程中起到保护骨髓的作用，进而使大剂量化疗得以顺利进行，提高化疗的疗效。

11. New findings include the discovery that stem cell division is diminished by misorientation of centrosomes during aging.
      最新研究发现当细胞老化时，中心体的错向可导致干细胞分化的减弱。

12. Obama also is expected to issue executive orders to begin closing the prison in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, one of the most controversial symbols of the Bush administration's war on terror; reversing Mr. Bush's restrictions on federal funding for embryonic stem-cell research, and restoring funding for family-planning programs overseas.
      几天内，预计奥巴马还将发布政令，着手关闭古巴关塔那莫湾的监狱，这是布什政府反恐战争行动中最有争议的问题；他还将取消布什对将联邦资金用于胚胎干细胞研究的限制，并恢复对海外计划生育项目的资助。

13. Objective To study the expression level of prostate stem cell antigen in different tissues.
      目的 研究不同组织中前列腺干细胞抗原的表达水平。

14. Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stem cell, which can differentiate to the cells derived of mesoderm.
      间充质干细胞是一类具有多能性的干细胞，在适宜条件下可以向多种中胚层来源的组织细胞分化。

15. There is only one'card carrying'pluripotent human embryonic stem cell.
      只有一种真正的多能性的人类胚胎干细胞。

16. Replacement of oligodendrocytes to promote remyelination or of neurons to assuage neuronal loss and damage through establishment of relay circuitry or release of trophic factors, are possibilities for stem cell transplantation intervention.
      少突胶质细胞的恢复可以促进髓鞘的形成，神经元的恢复可以通过建立旁路以及释放神经营养因子，缓解由于神经元损伤、缺失产生的问题，所有的这些都使得干细胞移植具有可能性。

17. stem cell

17. The idea behind stem-cell bioengineering is to use the recipient`sown stem cells to create an artificial organ that will be recognised as part of the body by the recipient`s immune system, and thus not rejected.
      干细胞生物工程的想法是将接受者的自身的干细胞来创造出一个人造器官，从而能被接受者的免疫系统识别为身体的一部分，不会被排斥。

18. 好好学单词·英语单词大全

18. Aplastic anemia is a sort of syndrome characterized by peripheral blood pancytopenia in association with which damage of stem cell of bone marrow and hematopoietic microenviroment on account of various factors(chemistry, physicsN biology and so on) with the result that concentric atrophy of red pulp replaced by fat marrow.
      再生障碍性贫血(aplastic anemia，AA)是一组由于化学、物理、生物因素及不明原因所致的骨髓干细胞及造血环境损伤，以致红髓向心性萎缩，被脂肪髓代替，血中全血细胞减少。骨髓中无恶性细胞，无网状纤维增生。

19. Objective: Stem cell strategies is the main stream of life science these years, its basic research and appliance must break the neck of disease treatment and become the mainstay of bioproduction in the 21 century.
      背景和目的：干细胞研究是20世纪与21世纪之交生命科学中的强大潮流，其基础研究及开发应用将打开对疾病治疗的突破口，成为21世纪生物产业的核心内容之一。

20. In addition to bioproduction activities, research programs at the Stem Cell Center focus on improvements in cell culture procedures, defining cell characterization assays, and commercial product development.
      除了生物产品，干细胞中心研究项目还集中于细胞培养过程的提高，定义细胞特征试验和开发商业产品。

1. 干细胞
    A stem cell is a type of cell that can produce other cells which are able to develop into any kind of cell in the body.

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    e.g. Stem-cell research is supported by many doctors.
           干细胞研究得到了很多医生的支持。

1. an undifferentiated cell whose daughter cells may differentiate into other cell types (such as blood cells)