1. substratum的反义词

1. 下层：众所周知从干涉(interference)反映显微镜研究培养中的细胞附着在下层(substratum)通过小脚型仿射离开在腹侧(ventral)的细胞或下层之间的空间或通道,因此细胞覆盖电极的阻搞,奖依赖于所施加的交流频率.

2. 基质：对存在本原的如上追寻,可以看作是试图在始基或基质(substratum)的层面达到存在的统一性1. 水、火、原子、气等元素尽管有本原程度上的不同(原子、气相对于水、火等似乎更为基本),但都属构成事物的质料,以质料为始基,意味着将物质元素视为宇宙之砖.

3. danci.911cha.com

3. 基底：暂时性接触之片利共生:如有些动物以树为基底(substratum)作为掩藏爬高或筑巢之用.印头鱼暂时吸附於鲨鱼之腹部.又如磷沙蚕挖掘作成之u形管管口会躲藏蟹类.小鳗鱼常躲到海胡瓜(或称瓜参sea cucumber)之泄殖腔内.其他如拟态动物、腐

4. 底土, 下层土壤地基：tetraphenyl ethylene 四苯乙烯 | substratum 底土, 下层土壤地基 | independent retailer 独立经营的零售商

1. When it turn to the 20th century, the thoughts of the west modern music appeared to be a kind of developing track which the construction and the desconstruction complect together. And this kind of complecting showed its opposite relationship, appositional relationship and inherited relationship from three different part: music substratum, history background and the thoughts of philosophy and aesthetics, different styles of the different groups and reaction of the audience.
    进入20世纪之后，西方现代音乐思想呈现出建构与解放双线交织的发展脉络，并分别从音乐本体形式、时代背景及哲学美学思潮、不同流派风格及受众群体三个方面体现出20世纪西方现代音乐思想中建构与解放的对立关系、并存关系、继承关系。

2.

2. First, the reasons for selective degradation of the oil medium and check Substratum purified oil degradation with the fungi, its coverage of the degradation of petroleum liquid medium oil degradation.
    第一，理由石油降解选择性培养基及查氏培养基分离纯化出具有石油降解能力的真菌，将其接种到石油降解液体培养基中进行石油降解实验。

3. Lastly, sand and reef area were compared. Since reef areas has more suitable natural substratum than sand areas.
    另外由较大的空间尺度来看，礁区与砂区为两个天然底质不同的区域，在这两个区域分别放置面积相同的附苗板时，由於礁区的天然底质数量较多，根据附苗强化效应，幼生在附苗板上的附苗密度应在砂区较高。

4. For rigid strip foundation on elastic soils with saturated substratum, the parameter of superimposed elastic soil thickness is studied; For flexible strip foundation on elastic soils with saturated substratum, the parameter indicating the flexibility of foundation is also investigated.
    对于下卧饱和半空间弹性土层上条形刚性基础，分析了单相弹性层厚度对动力柔度系数的影响；而对于下卧饱和半空间弹性土层上条形弹性基础的摇摆振动，则分析了单相弹性层厚度、弹性基础的弹性特性等参数对摇摆振动的影响。

5. The coring tube was pushed down to the tuff layer that forms the substratum of the stream.
    在取芯管被推到凝灰岩层，形成了底层流。

6. The main results of the study are obtained as follows:1 In order to analyze and study the physical and mechanical characteristics of Lianyungang marine soft clay deeply, large numbers of basic mechanical characteristics tests and tri-axial shear tests are completed.2 In order to investigate the loaded and failure characteristics of the cement-soil, the cement-soils for the different ratio and different cure time are studied in the laboratory, and their unconfined compression tests and tri-axial shear tests are performed.3 Based on the solution of one-dimension consolidation, the one-dimension consolidation of the double-layered foundation is solved for two-grade loading in virtue of transcendental equation; Simultaneously, the one-dimension consolidation of the double-layered foundation is solved by means of Laplace transform for two-grade loading, and Stehfest numerical transform is applied in Laplace`s inverse transformation; Furthermore, according to the practical foundation shapes, the consolidation models of the soil between piles and the substratum are built and solved respectively.4 The effect of each parameters on the consolidation of the double-layered foundation is discussed, and the solution of load transfer method for double-layered foundation is applied in A1-A4 section of Lian-Xu expressway. The results of calculating settlement of the double-layered consolidation theory are basic agreement with the measuring settlement results.
    取得了以下几方面的研究成果：1针对连云港海相软土进行一维固结和三轴剪切试验，深入分析连云港海相软土的物理力学特性。2模拟水泥土搅拌桩施工，在室内制备不同配比、不同龄期的水泥土试样，并进行无侧限抗压试验和三轴剪切试验，揭示水泥土的受力特性及破坏特性。3运用超越方程，以双层地基一维固结解析解为基础，推导出二级加荷条件下双层地基的固结解析解；同时，通过荷载传递法并借助Laplace变换对双层地基的固结问题进行了数值求解；此外，根据实际的地基结构，建立了桩间土和下卧层的固结模型并分别进行求解分析。4分析探讨了双层地基中各参数对双层地基固结的影响程度，并运用荷载传递法的解答计算了连-徐高速公路A1-A4标水泥土搅拌桩处理段的六个断面，计算结果与实测数据有较好的一致性。

7. The results showed that the rooting rate reached 83.2%~96.3% in 1/2 MS medium with IBA1.0~1.5 mg/L, The rooting rate of stem with top was significantly higher than that of stem without top; Snicking in stem base increased root number obviously, The appropriate substratum for transplanting was perlite and soil (1:1), The growth tendency of transplanting plantlets in May was slow-fast-slow.
    结果表明：采用1/2MS培养基添加IBA1.0~1.5 mg/L，生根效果最好，平均生根率达83.2%~96.3%；带茎尖茎段的生根率显著高于不带茎尖茎段；茎段基部刻伤处理后较对照生根量明显增加；酸枣带根组培苗适宜的移栽基质为1：1的珍珠岩和土；5月份移栽下地的组培苗，其生长呈现慢-快-慢的趋势。

8. Mangroves grow mainly in the ecologically sensitive zones between land and sea in the tropical and subtropical regions. The root system of mangroves provides a suitable substratum in which many species of organisms thrive. The mangrove roots are overgrown by epibionts such as algae, bivalves and crustaceans, etc. The soft substratum in the complex structure provided by pneumatophores, proproots, trunks, fallen branches and detritus forms habitat for various benthic species.
    红树林生长于热带、亚热带海陆交界的生态敏感带，其根系为生活于潮间带高度异质环境下的生物提供了适宜生境：藻类、双壳类、甲壳类等大量附生于红树根部；红树的呼吸根、支柱根、树干、倒落的枝条和残骸等，与沉积物形成的松软基质为大量底栖动物提供栖息地，根部结构间的空隙成为虾类、蟹类和鱼类等游泳动物的优良避难所和索饵场。

9. The purification of eutrophic water body was studied by means of soilless cultiv ation technique on artificial substratum.
    利用富营养化水体营养盐资源，使用泡沫板、蛭石两种人工基质无土栽培水芹、水蕹菜和多花黑麦草，研究其净化污水的效果。

10. substratum什么意思

10. During the war of resistance against aggression, the state power of Kuomintang government has not expanded to the Shexian substratum society effective by the occupational trade union.
    抗战期间，国民党被扩大化的国家权力在歙县地区没有能够通过职业工会向基层社会进行有效的扩张。

11. Image stacks were quantitatively analysed with COMSTAT software, bio-volume, substratum coverage, average thickness, maximum thickness and surface area of the biomass in the image stack decreased, surface to bio-volume ratio and roughness coefficient increased gredually when the concentration of NAC increased, and NAC also showed synergism with CIP.
      COMSTAT软件分析结果显示：随着NAC浓度增加，单位面积生物量、基质覆盖率、平均厚度、最大厚度、选定图像生物膜表面积逐渐减少，表面积和生物量比值、粗糙系数逐渐增加，同样显示NAC与CIP存在协同作用。

12. In partⅠ, it discusses the philosophical substratum in the formation of the blank art which is embodied specially of Chinese tradition philosophy. In the philosophical substratum of blank art, the antinomy and unity of positivism and negativism constitutes the philosophy of composition, the interrelation of positivism and negativism constitutes the philosophy of artistic conception, and the interdependency of spirit and matter constitutes the philosophy of aesthetics.
      第一层面主要论述了我国传统哲学在艺术中的具体体现，认为它的形成有着浓厚的哲学底蕴：其中阴阳的对立统一是空白艺术的构图哲学基础，虚实的相生相成是空白艺术的意境哲学基础，心境的互依互现是空白艺术的审美哲学基础。

13. Substratum of everything is of mental character.
      础是精神的因素这种观点是困难的。

14. The effect of three substratum in four weight levels on yield and quality of Stropharia rugoso-annuata was studied.
      本试验研究了3种栽培料在4种重量水平下对大球盖菇产量和品质的影响。

15. In the second part, he takes some models in contrast to offer substratum for the model of FCFE.
      第二部分是几种模型的比较分析，主要阐述在我国应用比较广泛的几种理论基础和数据模型，比较优劣势，从而为接下来股权自由现金流模型的应用提供理论依据。

16. danci.911cha.com

16. All appearances are in time. Time is the substratum in which coexistence or succession can be represented.
      一切显象都在时间中，无论是同时存在还是相继，都只有在作为基底的时间中才能被表象。

17. Rotary screen stenciling by photosensitive process was mainly introduced. During exposure, various factors affecting photosensitive stenciling were discussed, such as exposure time and light source, characteristic of light sensitive material, dosage and dark reaction, thickness of coated substratum, humidity etc.
      探讨圆网制版感光工艺中曝光过程的各种因素，如曝光时间与光源、光敏材料的特性、用量、暗反应，及其涂敷时胶层的厚度及湿度等对感光制版的影响；

18. Human amnion membrane as a substratum for culture of calf retinal glial cells
      在人羊膜上培养牛视网膜神经胶质细胞的初步探讨

19. His recreation of the city is credible, with a substratum of fact to bolster the fiction.
      他对该城历史的再现是可信的，虚构的小说情节隐念着一些事实作为支撑。

20. Presents the reasonable method of choosing the expansion angle of subgrade pressure when Es1/Es2 < 3.In the same condition, it's rationality and feasibility of the safe of soft substratum are proved by applying the specification and the brief formula.
      分析并验证了当Es1/Es2<3时利用规范和简化公式验算地基软弱下卧层这一方法的合理性和可行性。

1. 下层;底层;深层特征;隐性特质
    A substratum of something is a layer that lies under the surface of another layer, or a feature that is less obvious than other features.

    e.g. ...its deep substratum of chalk...
           深厚的白垩地层
    e.g. His recreation of the city is credible, with a substratum of fact to bolster the fiction.
           他对该城历史的再现是可信的，虚构的小说情节隐念着一些事实作为支撑。

1. an indigenous language that contributes features to the language of an invading people who impose their language on the indigenous population

    e.g. the Celtic languages of Britain are a substrate for English

    Synonym: substrate

2. any stratum or layer lying underneath another

    Synonym: substrate

3. a surface on which an organism grows or is attached

    e.g. the gardener talked about the proper substrate for acid-loving plants

    Synonym: substrate